<img src="https://www.oshwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/oshw-logo.svg" style="border: none;background: none;box-shadow:none" height="600"> --- # Open Source Hardware (Open Educational Resources (OER)) lizenziert unter CC BY-SA 4.0 [07.03.2023 - Martin Häuer] <!--- 30min in total --> --- ## Who's talking? Hi, ich bin Martin - Vorsitzender von OSEGeV & DINYP, - Projektmanager & Entwickler bei OSI², - Koordinator in div. Open-Source-Projekten & -Communities Kontakt: martin.haeuer@ose-germany.de <iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://media.ccc.de/v/36c3-oio-192-open-source-hardware-in-industry-meet-din-spec-3105/oembed" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> --- ## Was ist Open-Source? **= geteiltes Wissen** - <span>für jeden<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> - <span>für immer<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" --></span> - <span>überall<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" --></span> Note: Well this sounds much like Wikipedia, right? --- <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" style="border: none;background: none;box-shadow:none" height="380"> Note: - Wikipedia is an open source encyclopaedia which outcompeted all these super-expensive printed versions - still remember them? - As content is open source there, everyone can make use of it as he/she likes. You could even make a collection of your favourite articles, print and sell them as a book. - Also it's software base - Wikimedia - is open source. [Q] Do you have some everyday example for open source? --- <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg "Pizza"" style="border: none;background: none;box-shadow:none" height="380"> <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Pythagorean.svg" style="border: none;background: none;box-shadow:none" height="380"> Note: - Everyone knows how to make Pizza, there's no copyright on the recipe. - Same for the Theorem of Pythagoras - large parts of our educational (and socio-economic) system wouldn't work if _everything_ would be proprietary. - The same applies for our IT infrastructure → --- <span><!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> | | | | ----- | -------------------- | | 100 % | Supercomputer | | 95 % | Server (Top 1 Mio.) | | 75 % | Mobilgeräte | | 70 % | Embedded Systems | <!--- sources: https://itsfoss.com/linux-runs-top-supercomputers/ bzw. https://www.top500.org/statistics/details/osfam/1/ https://www.zdnet.com/article/can-the-internet-exist-without-linux/ https://www.embedded.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/EETimes_Embedded_2019_Embedded_Markets_Study.pdf https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile/worldwide --> Note: - You probably heard of the largest software project of human history, the kernel of the by far most used operating system, powering xx % of all xx. - Linux. --- <span>Proprietäte software enthält **40…60%** Free/Open-Source-Code.<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> <div></div> <span>Niemand schreibt heute noch Software 'from scratch'.<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" --></span> <div></div> <span>Dasselbe kann/wird für Hardware passieren.<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" --></span> <!--- sources: Flexera Report „State of Open Source License Compliance 2020“ https://www.zdnet.com/article/60-percent-of-codebases-contain-open-source-vulnerabilities/ https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2018/05/22/open-source-code-security-risk/ --> Note: And not only that: [Q] What do you think is the average percentage of open source code in proprietary code? --- ## Was ist Open-Source-++Hardware++? <span>"[…] Hardware, deren Baupläne öffentlich zugänglich gemacht wurden, so dass alle sie studieren, verändern, weiterverbreiten und sie sowie darauf basierende Hardware herstellen und verkaufen können."<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> <span>([OSHWA](https://www.oshwa.org/definition/german/))<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> Note: - That's the definition from the Open Source Hardware Association. - So no dependencies. - You are publishing design files and just anyone could build and sell the hardware. --- ## Sind Geschäftsmodelle dann überhaupt noch möglich? <span>Schon mal Pizza gekauft?<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> <span>oder Schrauben?<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" --></span> <span>oder embedded systems, die mit Linux laufen?<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" --></span> <span><!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" --></span> --- ## Einige Geschäftsmodelle funktionieren nur, ++weil++ sie (teils) offen sind. --- ### :white_check_mark: Grundlagen geklärt -- <iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/fs6e9kDwsta5QnGhJh" width="480" height="270" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe> --- ## Open Source Hardware ## in der Praxis --- --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://learn.circuit.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/arduinogardware-e1600234850301.png" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [Arduino](https://www.arduino.cc/) </div> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ProbotXYZ/EggBot/master/EggPainter.png" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [Eggprinter](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2245428) </div> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ProbotXYZ/EggBot/master/AssemblyInstructions/Assembly.png" data-background-color="#000" --> <span><!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://gitlab.com/osh-academy/osh-basics/-/raw/master/graphics/Safecast_bGeigie_Nano_opened.jpg" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [Safecast](https://safecast.org/) </div>  Fukushima crisis response --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://i2.wp.com/fossa.systems/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/66748130_891630314507139_3361097979711717376_n.jpg" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [FOSSASAT](https://fossa.systems/fossasat-1/) </div> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/gXP01bjIwHo/maxresdefault.jpg" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [LifeTrac](https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/wiki/LifeTrac_6) Open Source Ecology (US) </div> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://www.digitaltrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/farmbot-express-feat-3251132.jpg" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [Farmbot](https://farm.bot/) </div> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://embetty.utopix.net/video/youtube/8J7JZcsoHyA-poster-image" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [Precious Plastic](https://preciousplastic.com/) </div> --- ## OSH <span><!-- .element: class="fragment highlight-red" -->≠</span> DIY Note: - Even though lots of OSH projects are designed to be replicated by anyone, I want to point out that OSH IS NOT DIY - DIY: - limited to what you can do yourself - often unclear license - commercial use not considered --- | Unternehmen | Jahresumsatz | | ----------- | -------------- | | Arduino | `$` 161.9m | | Sparkfun | `$` 72.6m | | Prusa | `$` 50.2m | | … | | <!--- sources: https://ecommercedb.com/en/store/arduino.cc https://ecommercedb.com/en/store/sparkfun.com https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27923775 --> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://whitestack.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fb_ocp.jpeg" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [Open Compute Project](https://www.opencompute.org/) </div> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Reprap_Darwin_2.jpg" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [RepRap](https://reprap.org/) </div> --- <iframe width="1024" height="576" data-src="https://www.opensourceimaging.org/"></iframe> --- # ABER --- - <span>sehr unterschiedliche Qualität der technischen Dokumentation<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> - <span>Verwendung inkompatibler Lizenzen<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" --></span> - <span>offene Fragen zu Schutzrechten und Haftung<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" --></span> - <span>dezentrale digitale Werkzeuge noch in Entwicklung<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="4" --></span> --- # Qualitätskontrolle --- ### in der technischen Dokumentation quelloffener Maschinen --- ## Und wo kann ich jetzt einsteigen? --- Note: - be the change you want to see in this world - there are plenty of places to start --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://cloud.opensourceecology.de/s/f76AzPR2Fo6bPnp/preview" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## Open Source Ecology Germany [sustainable ecosystem for open source hardware]((https://ose-germany.de/)) </div> --- ## Was wir machen --- --- <!-- https://cloud.opensourceecology.de/s/coYiB2Lm5X9eyP4/preview ---> <!-- .slide: data-background="https://cloud.opensourceecology.de/s/qb2RgmJWkRGXbKY/preview" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [Hardware-Projekte](https://wiki.opensourceecology.de/) </div> Note: Prototypischer Aufbau der Zink-Luft-Brennstoffzelle --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://cloud.opensourceecology.de/s/LLDN2fQoHwroTGT/preview" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [Funding](https://gitlab.opensourceecology.de/verein/koordination/funding/foerdertoepfe) </div> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://cloud.opensourceecology.de/s/C88HPsfSamfn9DK/preview" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [OpenEcoLabs](https://openecolab.de/) </div> Note: wie'n Makerspace mit Garten und Zimmern --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/08/04/18/31/hacker-1569744_960_720.jpg" data-background-color="#000" --> ## [IT-Plattformen](https://gitlab.opensourceecology.de/verein/willkommen) --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://cloud.opensourceecology.de/s/fQLq2SeeHX85YFZ/preview" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [Standardisierung](https://netzpolitik.org/2020/offene-din-norm-fuer-offene-hardware/) </div> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://cloud.opensourceecology.de/s/D2jbDEStwWkxarr/preview" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> ## [PR & Lobbyarbeit](https://blog.opensourceecology.de/de/) </div> Note: wir sind auch auf - der makerfair - dem fixfest - der bits & bäume - … --- `come & play with us` <img src="https://cloud.opensourceecology.de/s/SNHPX9wB84K8sxS/preview" style="border: none;background: none;box-shadow:none" height="380"> --- ## andere sind aber auch cool --- --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://cloud.opensourceecology.de/s/bFToQDJqX3WWdnT/preview" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> # Open Lab Starter Kit [**Open Source Machine Tools**](https://www.fabcity.hamburg/de/projects/openlabstarterkit//) </div> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://cloud.opensourceecology.de/s/g2oSdGfKwEKzSsr/preview" data-background-color="#000" --> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://talk.libre.solar/uploads/default/original/1X/2cd2db3a66584d6947217a7c75e47e651c64d560.jpeg" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> # LibreSolar [**Open Sourcing Solar Power**](https://libre.solar/) </div> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://www.cadus.org/assets/images/a/18954818_847880305366669_5621617425344554314_o-bc68608f.webp" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> # CADUS [**Crisis Response with OSH**](https://www.cadus.org/en/) </div> --- <!-- .slide: data-background="https://www.crowdsupply.com/img/9cdd/20200422-reform-hero_jpg_project-body.jpg" data-background-color="#000" --> <div style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); color: #fff; padding: 5px;"> # MNT Research [**fully open source notebook**](https://mntre.com/) </div> --- und jetzt… # Q&A --- gebt uns die unbequemen Fragen --- <!--- RESERVE --> --- Bonus: ## Die Basis für ## eine Circular Economy --- ## Was wäre wenn… Unternehmen die Rückgabe aller jemals verkaufter Produkte akzeptieren und diese anschließend recyceln würden? Note: [Discussion] --- ### …wir würden Zillionen isolierter Schleifen bekommen. ([talk](https://youtu.be/dJ8DIn2vEV0)) <span>**Wie wär's damit, diese zu verbinden?**<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> --- ## ++Das++ ist Open-Source-Hardware! Wenn wir die <span><!-- .element: class="fragment highlight-red" data-fragment-index="1"-->vollständige Dokumentation</span> unter einer <span><!-- .element: class="fragment highlight-red" data-fragment-index="1"-->freien/offenen Lizenz</span> veröffentlichen, kann tatsächlicher jeder die Hardware lokal studieren, produzieren, warten, modifizieren […]. Note: And that's happening! → --- ## Motivation <span>[intrinsisch]<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> ### <span>1. Impact<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> - <span>Qualität<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" --></span> <span>(Peer-Reviews, Spezialwissen)<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" --></span> - <span>Dezentralität<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" --></span> - <span>Langlebigkeit<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="4" --></span> - <span>Community (Partizipation, soziales)<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="5" --></span> Note: Krisenbewältigung, Fieldready --- ## Motivation [extrinsisch] - <span>Externalisierung von Kosten (Facebook)<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> - <span>kostenfreies Fachwissen (statt Übernahme)<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" --></span> - <span>Marktpenetration (Android)<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" --></span> - <span>Freie Lieferketten (CERN)<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="4" --></span> - <span>Community (Headhunting)<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="5" --></span> Note: Fachwissen: militärische Nutzung von FOSS/OSH <!--- There are ways to use open source just for commercial business. Google's Android showed how well market penetration works using open source. ---> --- ## Herausforderungen für's Geschäft: - <span>weniger Abhängigkeiten<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --></span> - <span>experimenteller Weg<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" --></span> - <span>neue Werkzeuge, Aufgaben und Rechtsfragen<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" --></span> Note: - dependencies are a solid base for commercial business models - sacrifice a fairly predictable path - …for new tools, tasks and legal issues --- ## Wozu die Mühe? --- ## What's the point of your business? --- > “Much as Wikipedia has sought to democratize access to knowledge > and the open source software movement has attempted to democratize computing, > Open Source Ecology seeks to democratize human wellbeing > and the industrial tools > that help to create it.” ([Open Source Ecology](https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/INOV_a_00139))